Skewed Moralities

â€Å"Money for Morality,† she presumes to state her thesis which details that in today's society we have lost the need to be self-motivated and otherwise rely on other people to bargain with us with tokens of success thus sullying our dignified good deeds. This is expressed best in Mary Regardless' first example of a boy whom goes out of his way to return a large sum of cash to its rightful owner whilst not intending upon receiving a reward and yet however is pursued by another group of adults wishing to reimburse him for his troubles and finding that the reward is deserved of a large sum of money.Mary Regardless' goes on to explain that through actions like these, not only are our efforts being diminished but also we are being trained to expect rewards for deeds that supersede the plane of what is Just. To give her argument strength she includes personal ties to her own relationship with her son and his personal account of his friends and their parents. In this story they de scribe the teacher's and parent's effort to set up a bargaining system with their youthful counterparts thus giving the students a bribe of sorts to achieve to a higher standard.To which of course Mary Regardless states, â€Å"Doing well is its own reward. The A Just confirms that. † To conclude Mary Regardless sums up with a knowledgeable remark about being a good example; that parents, or rather Just people in general, should make it their objective to provide good means of raising their kids through the power of suggestion. Rather than making their way to the couch or wasting time and money at some mall, spent that time instead to read a book, do some basic chores. At a developing age it only provides positive reinforcement to a child that will carry them through the rest of life In order to achieve.

Job Satisfaction of Teachers Essay

Leadership entails a number of different parts and can come from any position in the school. The administration is the main source of leadership in a school. Generally, we associate school leadership with superintendents and principals. People in these positions are in charge of making decisions, which run the school. However, teachers can also provide leadership in their classroom and through activities and other extracurricular activities. Katzenmeyer and Moller (1996) argue â€Å"†¦there is a sleeping giant of teacher leadership that can be a catalyst to push school reform†¦.† Even students can provide leadership in certain situations such as an athletic team’s captain, a point guard for a basketball team, or a class officer. With the many places leadership can occur, to have good school leadership, all people need to be willing to share responsibility and power. Lambert (1998) argues, â€Å"Leadership requires the redistribution of power and authority.† This distribution of power can lead to trust between staff and administration. This trust emerges when administrators and teachers work together to benefit the school. Trust comes about by principals trusting the judgment of teachers in the classroom and backing teachers on issues such as discipline. So that the teachers’ authority is not undermined, discipline must be consistent and not show favoritism toward any student. Teachers, in turn, must trust that the principal will follow through on all rules and not make exceptions for the school’s â€Å"star† athlete or â€Å"smartest† student. This trust is also part of a type of leadership theory called transformational leadership. Bass (1996) says that trust is a key component of idealized influence, which incorporates faith and respect, dedication, and trust into leadership. Trust is an important aspect of leadership. With the trust between leader and follower, good school leadership will also have excellent communication. Smith, who can be found in Bean (2000), argues that communicating and keeping people informed of changes and events is a key part of effective leadership. People must discuss problems and possible solutions with each other. By not doing this, the problems will continue and the organization will fall into disarray. For example, let us look at a basketball team. If the opposing team is playing man-to-man defense, it will do the offense little good to run plays designed to attack a zone defense. Here is where the coach or offensive players must talk to each other and run the correct plays. Furthermore, we see the importance of communication from Yukl (1998). He states â€Å"Leadership is about creating teamwork, collaboration, communication, and the emphasis on a total group effort.† By communicating concerns, teachers can make administrators aware of potentially school harming actions and can put a stop to these before they go too far. One example of this would be the last month of school in my school district. Due to the hot weather, students begin use squirt guns and balloons to spray each other with water. With graduation and other senior activities to organize, the principal is not in the hallways as much as previous months. Therefore, the teachers need to let the principal know this is beginning so penalties can be determined and readily enforced. This can cut down on water damage of the school and the students can continue to stay focused on school. One aspect of effective leadership that needs to be communicated to all associated with the school district is the vision of where the school is and where it needs to go. Goleman (1995) argues that â€Å"†¦leader can be expected to communicate a vision well†¦generate energy and enthusiasm regarding this vision, epitomize its meaning through the example of personal behavior, and generally inspire others to reach this vision†¦.† People need to be motivated to do a job, whether in school or in the work force. Vision gives people a goal and direction; giving them something to work for. Making people aware of the vision for the school will help parents, students, teachers, and administrators to be on the same page and working to achieve the vision together as a team. Daft (1999) states there are many pieces that visionary leadership can accomplish. These pieces include the linking of the present and future, encouraging commitment, providing meaning to work, encouraging imagination, and defining the destination. For example, if the vision of a sports team is to win, through strong dedication by players and coaches, winning will happen. If coaches can help athletes see the importance of practice and teamwork, there will be chemistry and success. With the vision of moving into the future, there comes problems and opposition. Another part of good school leadership is facing these problems and solving them. An effective way to work to solve problems is to form a group of people to suggest solutions for whatever problems occur. An excellent model to follow is suggested by Bean (2000) and is called POLCA: that is Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling, and Assessing. One problem a school district might face is incorporating the new Pennsylvania standards for education into the curriculum. My school district is in this process and work on this is set to begin in August 2000. Our superintendent started this process by carefully planning when to work on these changes. The mathematics and English departments were contacted to help work on these standards. These teachers were organized into groups by their subject area. Outside help was brought in. These parties had knowledge writing the standards for the state and helping other schools work the standards into the curriculum. These men lead the English and mathematics groups in the writing of our curriculum to include state mandates. After drafting standards and curriculum for the district, the work was checked for quality and improvements were made. Finally, the work was assessed and determined to be useful to the district. We can see that effective leadership is not easy. It takes hard work and tolerance from many different parities. Teachers, administrators, parents, and students all play a part in good school leadership. The administrators plan for the entire district, the teachers for the classroom. Parents and students help with support and may act in limited leadership roles. Effective leaders need to be able to distribute leadership to worthy parties and possibly divide it up to many individuals or groups. Effective leaders need to communicate and problem-solve. Having good social skills and having a good plan can make leadership easier and solving problems smoother. Lambert (1998) says â€Å"It [leadership] needs to be embedded in the school community as a whole.† It takes a team effort to have effective leadership in the school. We all need to work together and share the responsibility of being a leader. 1) A sense of purpose: The values of an organization must be clear, members of the organization should know them, and they should exemplify and uphold them in their own actions. 2) Justice: Everyone in an organization should be held to common standards, with rules and procedures that are clear, firm, fair, and consistent. 3) Temperance: A leader must strive to maintain a proper balance of emotions; Shriver did not mean that leaders should be dispassionate. Quite the contrary- but there are time for passionate advocacy and times for quiet reflection and reconsideration. Balance is the key. 4) Respect: The dignity of each individual is the concern of any leader, and this is preserved by treating all members of the organization with respect and ensuring they treat one-another similarly, regardless of differences. 5) Empowerment: Leaders are just that- leaders. Most of what happens in organizations is carried out by individuals other than those in formal leadership positions. Therefore, the more skilled they are, the more they feel confident in their abilities and competent to make decisions, raise questions, see new possibilities, and disagree respectfully with others at all levels of the organizational hierarchy, the stronger and more successful the organization will be. 6) Courage: Leaders are paid to set direction, not wait for direction to emerge. They have to be willing to follow their convictions and bring their organization to new places. In education, this is most sorely needed in response to the test-based regimen that has taken over our schools at the expense of true education and social-emotional and character development. 7) Deep Commitment: Leaders must not be polishing their resumes, but rather should have deep commitment to their organizations, the advancement of the organizations’ missions, and the wellbeing of everyone in them. It is this deep commitment that makes leadership in schools so challenging, because it requires a commitment to every employee, student, and parent. The performance of a leader must be judged by his or her skills and the character of his or her performance in the many and complex roles that leadership demands. Using the seven cornerstones of leading with character, derived from the life and work of Sargent Shriver, educators and those concerned with education have a tool for both evaluating and improving leadership competencies along both moral and performance dimensions.

Ecco Sets Store Chain Management Standards in Russia

24/11/12 GMCS – ECCO sets store chain management standards in Russia using Microsoft Dynamics AX for †¦ C urrent page U RL: http://w w w . gmcs. ru/en/press/new s/4447/index. php Print this page HOME / PRESS-CENTER / NEWS / ECCO SETS STORE CHAIN MANAGEMENT STANDARDS IN RUSSIA USING MICROSOFT DYNAMICS AX FOR RETAIL Events 19 July 2012 News ECCO-ROS, an exclusive distributor of Danish shoe brand ECCO in Russia deploys Microsoft Dynamics AX for Retail in order to come to a new quality level of customer service, improve management performance and develop the retail store chain.This project is unique because for the first time based on Microsoft Dynamics AX for Retail, a uniform solution for the automation of geographically dispersed chain of the ECCO stores in Russia will be made to replace intermediate cash accounting software that is currently being used. This will enable ECCO-ROS to reduce costs for operation of the systems and management of the company as a whole, optimiz e business processes in the retail stores, improve merchandise flow management, and improve reliability of information flows inside the chain.In addition, the distributor expects to increase sales for the account of the offered Microsoft Dynamics AX for Retail expanded opportunities for marketing activity management, and implementation of a new customer loyalty bonus system the deployment of which will be supported by the implemented system. â€Å"Activities of ECCO-ROS are based on the ECCO reference models and general management principles, including the key principles – innovativeness and manufacturability.These ideas also find reflection in management of the IT-infrastructure of our company. Today, we implement a non-trivial project in Russia, and we believe that the implementation experience will be of interest in the retail business†, says Sergei Prokhorov, IT-Director at ECCO-ROS. â€Å"For instance, one of the features of the implemented solution is that we wi ll get an opportunity for complete synchronization of the POS-terminal operations even in case of absence of communication or failures in the communication channels.It is an important criterion for retail business†. GMCS is a project partner, a winner of the competitive tender for the implementation of the project on the automation of the ECCO-ROS retail chain, which expertise in the field of retail is presented by successful projects for the leaders of this market. One of the key decision-making factors in the selection of the partner was the quality of projects implemented by the partner, and the partner’s focus on customer satisfaction†, explained Sergei Prokhorov.At present, the GMCS specialists completed creation of a solution concept model for customer accounting and service. According to the proposed model based on Microsoft Dynamics AX for Retail, the following processes will be automated: acceptance, shipment, return, and selling, including selling of goo ds on credit and via ECCO Internet Shop, payment and cash services, product range and stock management, inventorying and adjustment of entries of stock changes under wrong heading, warehouse.The system will enable to control personnel performance including opening and closing of shift, strict accounting of labor hours of the employees through a biometric authorization system, as well as accounting of visitors. The auxiliary processes will also be automated such as accounting of corporate clothes and footwear, and consumable materials. Emphasis is placed on the automation of marketing activity processes and loyalty management program. Based on Microsoft Dynamics AX for Retail, the processes of management of advertising campaigns, handling of saving discount cards, bonus and gift cards will be automated. The final project objective is to create a conceptually new, innovative and scaling solution for retail that will be able to replace front office software (disconnected, as a rule) fo r integrated customer accounting and service system that will form a uniform information space from cashier to manager. The Microsoft Dynamics AX for Retail tools enable us to accomplish all tasks stated by a customer†, comment Sergei Kotov, Retail Solutions Department Director at GMCS. – â€Å"We specially focus on the quality of the future solution, simplicity and flexibility of its use.ECCO-ROS will be able to independently customize the system later in case of any change or occurrence of new business-processes thereby reducing costs for support and development of the system†. The system is scheduled to be put into operation in the pilot regions (stores in Moscow and Saint Petersburg) in December 2012. In future, the uniform customer accounting and service system is expected to be deployed in all remaining stores of the retail chain that is presented today by more than 300 stores in Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.E CCO-ROS is an exclusive distributor of Danish shoe brand ECCO in Russia. Since 1991, the company offers to Russian consumers the world’s popular ECCO shoes. As at 2012, the ECCO chain comprises of more than 300 stores in Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan and continues to actively develop. The company’s office is located in Moscow; management of the proprietary stores in the regions and interrelation with regional partners is performed from the office. Back to list Feedback  © 1997 — 2010 â€Å"GMCS† All rights reserved. Made in agency www. gmcs. ru/en/press/news/4447/? print=Y 1/1

Essay Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Questions - Essay Example By means of contrast, information technology is most effectively concerned with the infrastructural development of the way in which databases are administered, networks are organized, and information is shared. Through the information that is thus far been promoted, it can clearly be understood that the level of comparison and contrast that exists between information technology and information systems is somewhat less stark and distinct than one might otherwise assume. Ultimately, the interrelationship between these terms has a profound impact with regards the way in which both of these effective job tasks are conducted. The way in which a company operates would be severely impaired if both of these elements were not heavily leveraged by a particular entity. As such, the luxury of choosing which one of these approaches will be used is not a luxury that a successful firm can engage in; rather, they must choose to exercise them both concurrently so that different goals, strategies, and expect can be felt throughout the business entity. And information value chain for a group of movie theaters could engender a great many things. However, one of the most logical explanations for how such information value chain could be represented is with regards to the group of theaters actively seeking out information with respect to the clients that integrate with their service. For instance, age, race, and other demographic factors could be gathered and utilized as a means of seeking to engage further profitability with respect to the service that is offered. Similarly, information with regards to the overall seat availability, pink ticket times, peak sale prices, and particular types of movies that provide the greatest profitability can and should also be gathered as a means of time all of this marketing information back into the information value chain

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Contract Law - Essay Example In the early 1848, reform that introduced the New York Code of procedures took place1. This reform led to the abolishment of the reforms of action that was based on writ system. Initially, the introduction of the classical law with the introduction of New York Code of procedures seemed to be a significant step in law reforms (Frank, 1975: 182)2. The law spread to the parts of the world including the United Kingdom where it was mainly used to understand and determine trade matters. There emergence of the classical law has been contributed to by different schools of though with certain schools of though held that classical law or classical legal thoughts, as they referred to it, shape and transformed the united states economic and social lives. 1. [Holmes] "The Theory of Torts," 7 Am. L. Rev. 652 (1873) 2. Frank, W.F., (1975) the General Principles of English Law, London: George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd, pp. 182-183 Moreover, the law or the legal though organized the legal elite along the u tilitarianism and natural right. The classical law had nationalist or instrumentalist mode of the formative era. During the formative era, leaders of the bar, treatise writers, and the Supreme Court justices among other legal players had the same conception of the law that was viewed to transform old conflicting schools of thought3. These legal players wanted legal thoughts and professions to match with science along the philosophical speculation as well as in the crudities of democratic politics. This alliance of legal player influenced the legal outcome between the year 1865 and 1940 that was defined by the older conservatism. The older conservatism was only realized among the professionals that constituted politicians and despoiling entrepreneurs who piled pressure on the framers, working class, and the â€Å"public interest†. Therefore, classical law was introduced as an article of faith within the liberal historiography of this time (Frank, 1975: 183)2. From these two sc hools of thoughts, it is apparent that the classical law emerged to introduce reforms in both social and economic lives of people during the industrialization period. According to Milsom (1981: 364)4, the law was introduced as a legal measure for autonomy. It aimed at narrowing the gap between different social and economic classes since it seemed to offset the distinguishable result from economic interest and political power. However, both schools of thought have not addressed the autonomy of legal consciousness that led to the introduction of the law. The first contribution notes that the law was introduced to deal with specific concepts within the industrial era. However, on the other side, the second school of thought states that classical law emerged to deal with all the social, economic, and political discrepancies or inequality that emerged during the nineteenth century industrialization in Britain just like other parts of the world that was experiencing industrialization revo lution. 3. Blackstone, W. (1973) Commentaries on the Laws of England. London: Macmillan 4. Milsom, S.F.C., (1981) Historical Foundations of the Common Law, London: Butterworths, pp. 361-400 Some contributors of the emergence of the classical law note that before the civil war in the United States, there was a set of legal relationships among the legal elites within and outside America. This relationship comprised of legal system including private citizen of states,

Short story the company of wolves Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short story the company of wolves - Essay Example Her aging grandmother had set an example of a staunch Christian by spending her days singing praises and her defense against the wolves included hurling a bible at them. The wolves in the story clearly represent a sexual predator, a man who believes this is their world to take; a man’s world. A world in which the female gender are taught to fight, fear and shield themselves as the only way for survival. The wolves represent sexual predators, rapist, domestic abusers and all forms of temptation, as written by Carter (1979) "the wolves have ways of arriving at your own hearthside. We try, and we try but sometimes we cannot keep them out" (p. 647). Women are clearly taught to be ashamed of temptation; that it is a sin to be tempted. The woman in the company of wolves who was bitten by wolves while straining macaroni clearly fell into temptation as she carried out her maternal duties, showing temptation has no respect, no boundaries, so women should always be alert; always be on the defensive. Her father, being a man himself seems to be aware of what danger the little girl clearly faces out in the woods and thus is seen to be so protective. The little girl clearly represents a new breed of evolving women who are aware of their femininity. The girl is shown to be at the tender age where she is getting to know herself. She is aware of the transformations taking place within her body; according to Carter (1979) â€Å"Her breasts have just begun to swell; her hair is like lint, so fair it hardly makes a shadow on her pale forehead; her cheeks are an emblematic scarlet and white and she has just started her womans bleeding, the clock inside her that will strike, henceforward, once a month. She stands and moves within the invisible pentacle of her own virginity. She is an unbroken egg; she is a sealed vessel† (p. 650). Carter clearly describes the feminine features that the girl carries, features and

Social and cultural diversity in united arab emirates Research Paper

Social and cultural diversity in united arab emirates - Research Paper Example These factors affect relations that people have and what they do in various important situations and one of the most notable influences that they have is the influence on the media. Some of the factors that affect communication in UAE include; religion, sex and dress code for different people in the environment. These factors are not a reserve for anyone but they affect all people, whether they are locals or foreigners who stay in the UAE (King, 2008). Religion is one of the factors that affect the way people of the UAE differ or identify themselves from other places of the world, who do not come from the country. For example, in Dubai, there are numerous mosques where people convene for prayers and they are uniquely identifiable from different points. This has influenced the culture of the people who stay in that place at any time of the year regardless of the different backgrounds they could have in terms of religion in that they have to respond to different calls for prayer in cer tain ways. For example, the religious culture of the people of the UAE does not allow any person to eat in public daylight in the month of Ramadhan regardless of the differences in the religious beliefs (Terterov & Shoult, 2006). On the other hand, people in the UAE have particular dress codes, which is unique in different contexts and all the people ought to conform to requirements in such contexts. For example, while people can be on swimwear while they are around the beach, in conservative areas in Dubai, they should wear modestly in conformity to the requirements of the culture. People should not wear shorts and T-shirts when they enter the mosques for any activity, although they are not restricted to wear them when they are in town (Terterov & Shoult, 2006). Differences in sexes are identifiable when it comes to the people in the UAE because they should show different behavior in their various activities in the course of life. In UAE, women should cover their heads when they go to the mosque but men can go without covering their heads and do any activities in there. The roles vary in terms sexes in UAE with men acceptably allowed to conduct services in the mosque but women should not (Terterov & Shoult, 2006). In the UAE, there factors of that serve as the identity for the people and that are important aspects of media because they have a great influence in the lives of people. This is because what the culture allows publication is what the media of communication should transmit to the people according to cultural sanctions of the UAE. The issues, which are not favorable to the dominant Muslim culture in UAE, are not likely to go on air because it has a strict disciplinary action for the people who deviate. This means that the media in UAE is under the obligation to fulfill the cultural expectations as set out in the traditions of the place in which they are working. Media in UAE has to formulate policies in their services delivery that represent the cult ure of people in the country so that they will not deviate from the right purposes (Ward, 2013). Media is influenced by differences in the people who stay in the area because they have limitations in terms of the different things that they can display in the videos or papers. In the representation of videos and other forms of information, the coverage of things that pose social conflicts is regulated majorly by the popularity of the

Digitizing the Physical World - Hoe organizations can benefit from Thesis

Digitizing the Physical World - Hoe organizations can benefit from digitization - Thesis Example This is happening because â€Å"individual UC (ubiquitous computing) technologies have today reached a level of maturity which allows for the development of productive business applications† (Fleisch and Thiesse, n.d., p.1930). A sea change brought in by this new advent of technologies has been that the slogan, ‘content is the king’ can now be replaced by- â€Å"user intent and context† are the determinant factors in a changed scenario (Ernst, 2008, p.3). It is from this realization that any researcher of information systems and digitization needs to start moving towards the knowledge of how organizations can benefit from digitization. The full picture of digitization in organizations can only be viewed from the perspectives of â€Å"experiential computing† (Yoo, 2010, p.215), â€Å"pervasive computing,† (De Roure, 2003) and â€Å"ubiquitous computing† (Weiser, 1993, p.2). While the utmost concern of any organization that goes for digit ization still remaining to be â€Å"permanent accessibility† of whatever is preserved or processed by the organization, a huge transformation is taking place, taking this very concern towards new heights (Morris, 2005, p.2). There is an angle shift from preservation to processing, as far as digitized data is concerned, more so in an organizational ambience. It is in relation to these changes that the question, how digitization benefits organizations, needs to be pursued. Organizations have been always using technologies â€Å"to make operations run better, faster, and cheaper† (Blair, 2004, p.64). And in an information age, the success of any organization depends on managing information in a better way (Blair, 2004, p.64). The extent of information flow via digitized media has grown to titanic proportions. For example, â€Å"estimates say the volume of business e-mail is growing at a rate of 300 percent each year, and 800 megabytes (MB) of new information is created for every man, woman, and child on the face of the earth†

Molucca Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Molucca - Term Paper Example The great international interest on these islands brought about varied mixture of religions such as Protestants, Muslim, and Catholic. These religions brought their powerful local customs in the islands. Dutch exercised a huge influence over the islands until the Indonesia war of late 1940s. The Dutch enlisted Ambonese Christians to be solders in order to appease the Indonesian. In addition, the Dutch offered the Indonesians education. The Ambonese protected the Dutch against Java-based independence movement. After Indonesia gained independence in 1949, Ambonese strongly believed they would form and own their state. Therefore, they continued fighting for a Republic of South Moluccas before facing defeat in the year 1950. The defeat made thousands of Ambonese soldiers in the Dutch colonial army to flee to Netherlands (BBC 1). Location The location of these islands is highly tectonic Halmahera Plate within the Moluccas Sea Collision Zone in Indonesia. Moluccas islands lies east of Sula wesi (Celebes), west of New Guinea, and east and North of Timor. The islands cover about 74,505 square kilometers of land. Moluccas are located in the southeastern region of the Indonesian archipelago. This location is near equator and its north of Australia and West of West Papua. The provincial city for these islands is the Ambon. Ambon is a hub of communication, trade, and other crucial services (Laksito 1). Web. http://www.awesomestories.com/images/user/3e1994f4c5.gif. These islands experience many volcanic eruptions. The soils of these islands are fertile with humid climate, which is beneficial for cultivation of spices such as cloves and nutmeg. Moluccas islands consist of two provinces. These include North Maluku (Maluku Utara) and Maluku. The main islands of North Maluku comprise of Halmahera, Bacan, Morotai, and Obi. Many of the Moluccas islands are mountainous. However, Tanimbar and Aru islands lie in swampy and low areas. Earthquakes are very frequent in Moluccas islands (Laksito 3). Place Moluccas lies Southeast Asia at a coordinates of 3Â ° 9’S 129Â ° 23’E. Astronomical location of Moluccas encompasses 6Â °08’north and 11Â °15’ south latitude. Similarly, the island lies 94Â °45’ to 141Â °05’ east longitude. Moluccas have an area about 32,000 square miles. Most of these islands have thick forests with active volcanoes. Seram is among distinctive islands in the Moluccas with 16 of more than 200 bird species endemic. This island is important habitant of biggest birds such as the two-watted cassowary. The Halmahera rain forests have large number of endemic species. Some of species include Bisa rat, masked flying fox, wild goats, parrots, and three species of cuscus. Moluccas’s flora comprise of meranti trees and varieties of orchids. The average population is less than 1.7 million people. This represents a 19 people per square kilometer. However, the distribution of people in this island is uneven (Laksito 2). Movement The main mode of movement in Moluccas islands comprise of air and sea transport. These mode of transport link different regions of the island together. Sea transport has been the hub of sea transport since ancient times. This has enabled the islands to trade with overseas countries such as Middle East, China, and India. Sea transport in Moluccas islands is very crucial because it is not only beneficial to the region itself, but also it benefits neighboring countries such ad Australia. Australia uses Moluccas as a heart for sea transport. The bulk of transport in

Depression in Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Depression in Women - Essay Example THE symptoms may not seem overly serious at first. Perhaps a person suffers from fatigue, stomach cramps or chest pains. He may find himself waking up at wee hours of the morning for no apparent reason; or the trouble may be difficulty in getting to sleep. Possibly a change in appetite has led to weight loss; or maybe the problem is overweight due to a sudden splurge of eating. Fatigue, physical pains and change in eating or sleeping habits can constitute what doctors call the somatic mask of depression.(McClelland, 2008, 64) What is depression Why does it afflict people Everyone feels 'down in the dumps' on certain occasions. This should not cause alarm, for off days of this type are not what doctors mean when they speak of depression. According to studies, humans when they are afflicted with depression usually loose their essence and realization for the real reasons of living. It could be observed that many among the depressed ones are subjected to situations of failure, feeling of helplessness and the lost of physical energy to face life and enjoy life at the same time. (Amunts, 2008, 15) Loosing these particular elements in life, some depressed individuals resort to suicide simply to end the agony that they are experiencing. A depressed person finds it difficult to perform even the most routine tasks, such as getting dressed, brushing teeth, preparing breakfast and making routine decisions. The third level, where no one can doubt that you're dealing with depression says Yomasue (2008) "is when somebody literally sits in a corner-almost paralyzed-looking into space." (13) Doctors often speak of depression as either acute or chronic. (Wang, 2007, 65) Acute depression sets in from some external cause, such as the death of a loved one, divorce or some other severe loss. Depending on the seriousness of the cause, acute depression may last weeks or even months; but then it disappears. On the other hand, in chronic cases the crippling effects of depression persist month after month. (Amunts, 2008, 54) Another type of sufferer is the manic-depressive. This person seesaws between a "manic" (from manikos, Greek for "mad") state and one of depression. During a manic state, the individual becomes overactive, impulsive, often disorderly in speech and thinking.(Croissant, 2008, 34) Then follows a "normal" period, after which he plunges into depression. Some remain in the manic state most of the time, with only brief low periods. Others are just the opposite, remaining depressed most of the time. And there are those who, for the most part, remain on an even keel except for brief ups and downs.(Liu, 2008, 54) In this study, an understanding of the major issues concerning gender differences on depression occurrences among individuals shall be discussed carefully so as to understand or at least clarify the issues on the claim that women are actually experiencing depression twice as much as men. Explaining the key reasons for this particular matter is the focus of this particular literature-based understanding. Some Common Causes of Depression How widespread is serious depression According to Dr. Nathan S. Kline of the New York State Department of Mental Hygiene, "it has been estimated that 15 per cent of the adult population of the United States has some degree of depression which is serious enough to be in need of treatment.(Yomasue,

MULTI-sOURCE aCADEMIC wRITING on Peanut allergies Essay

MULTI-sOURCE aCADEMIC wRITING on Peanut allergies - Essay Example This paper will address the major causes of peanut allergy as well as possible solutions to solve the problem. Peanut allergy is type of food allergy which is characterized by a human organism’s hypersensitive reaction to substances found in peanut that cause a specific reaction of the immune system. In particular, the symptoms of peanut allergy are digestive problems, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin reactions, including swelling, itching, redness, tightening of the throat, wheezing, and such a life-threatening reaction as anaphylaxis, which can lead to lethal outcome. This is why peanut allergy is among the most severe food allergies; moreover, about ninety percent of American household tend to consume peanut butter (American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, 2014). In accordance with the study conducted by allergists at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, the prevalence of peanut allergy among children has increased from 0.4 percent in 1997 to 1.4 percent in 2010 in the United States (Brody, 2014). At this point, exact causes of peanut allergy are not clear. One of the main theories, which explains the rise of this type of food allergy, is known as the Hygiene Theory. In accordance with it, allergy is caused by the changes in the environment. Today, people have access to clean water, antibiotics etc., and, as a result, the human immune system has nothing harmful to attack; so, it mistakes food protein for something unsalutary (Davis, 2013). However, the Hygiene Theory is â€Å"likely a part of the picture, but it’s not entire explanation† (Davis, 2013). At the same time, the rise of peanut allergy can be also caused by the so-called First World Problems. Accordingly to Davis (2013), this food allergy has surfaced because of an â€Å"increasingly wealthy, sophisticated, modern Western society†. Finally, some researchers refer to

My daughter smokes Essay Example for Free

My daughter smokes Essay We often think that refering people to supporting groups is enough to quit smoking, however how about if instead we educate them so that they wont even start smoking as walker mention peace on earth begins at home, meaning that we need to educate our children and surrounding about smoking and its concecuenses. Smoking not only causes health problems, it can also cause economic problems, and can harm those around you. Smoking can have many negative impacts regarding your health it can cause bronchitis, pneumonia, and emphysema. According to the center for disease control and prevention smoking causes 1 in 5 strokes in the United States, Menaning that a person that smokes has a higher risk of having a painful and agonizing death compare to a non-smoker person. Smoking can harm not only you but also those arounfd you. People who smoke in public make choicea for others. for example, when you smoke around a 5 year old tou are basically making a choice for them making them a second hand smoker. Also, when you start suffering smoking consequences you dont do it alone because you family will suffer along with you. In addition, smoking can not only cause health problems but economically as well. A packet of cigarettes cost o8.75 an avarage smoker smokes about 2 packets a day, which will make an average of 3200 to 6400 per year.this money can be used for food and or clothing. Also, because of the health problems that smoking will cause, smokers smokers will have to spend a alot of money on health care. In conclusion, we need to educate our familiar, and friends regarding smoking. Smoking its a very additive habit that will make you nicoti e dependent. Therefore when you try to quit it comes with withdrawal symptoms, to avoid withdrawal symtomps from smoking the best choice is to never start. Smoking will not only damege your health it will also damage you economically, and also thos around you.

Concept of E Marketing

Concept of E Marketing Introduction: In todays business world Marketing is everywhere in different forms. In ancient time when people may have started business or trading, no matter what business or trade they have done, possibly in any form marketing would be there. Marketing could be there when they may have told some stories to make their business or trade to other people. With the passage of time human generation changed and along with that marketing may also have changed too. The ways of marketing may have improved and modified with the period of time and possibly it will changed with change in future generations, and now people are become more smart and intelligent to tell those stories while making their business and trade today. The concept of E Marketing can be considered as an instrument that works on old age marketing norms and fundamental with the use of modern technologies of communication. What does E marketing means? As mention above that the concept of E Marketing can be considered as an application that works by implementing old age marketing norms and fundamental with the use of modern technologies of communication specifically internet. There are different name of e-marketing, it can also be refer as online marketing, internet marketing and sometimes electronic marketing but this all terms are used as synonym of each other. In this study e-marketing is refers to internet marketing only. In E-marketing a brand is promoted or advertised via internet. As per the above elements online marketing is a mixture of all the activities that marketer adopts to promote product and services through world wide web by keeping aim of attracting attention of new firms, retaining existing firm and exploring their brands identity. (www.quirk.biz.com) Aim of this research: India is a developing country with significant rate of poverty and illiteracy. The use of technology is very limited. The main aim of this research is to critically evaluate e-marketing of Indian banking industry. In todays world internet is everywhere. Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects of the Internet, including design, development, advertising, and sale. Internet marketing also refers to the placement of media along different stages of the customer engagement cycle through search engine marketing (SEM), search engine optimization (SEO), banner ads on specific websites and e-mail marketing. In 2008 The New York Times working with comScore published an initial estimate to quantify the user data collected by large Internet-based companies. Counting four types of interactions with company websites in addition to the hits from advertisements served from advertising networks, the authors found the potential for collecting data upward of 2,500 times on average per user per month (Louise, S, 2008). Through internet marketing companies can approach their customers anywhere in the world. It is like boundary less marketing. Now with an internet marketing companies does not need to put more efforts to enter other countries to promote their products. Internet marketing has had a large impact on several previously retail-oriented industries including music, film, pharmaceuticals, banking, flea markets, as well as the advertising industry itself. Internet marketing is now overtaking radio marketing in terms of market share (Holahan, C 2006). In the music industry, many consumers have been purchasing and downloading music (e.g., MP3 files) over the Internet for several years in addition to purchasing compact discs. By 2008 Apple Inc.s iTunes Store has become the largest music vendor in the United States (www.bbc.co.uk). Developed countries are using more technologies than under develop and developing do. Therefore an inspir ation has been taken to critically evaluate e-marketing of banking industry in India as a developing country. To accomplish main aim of these research four objectives has been located which are as below: Comparison of e-marketing and traditional marketing of Indian banking industry To evaluate an advantage and disadvantage of e-marketing of Indian banking industry. To find out factors affecting effectiveness of e-marking of Indian banking industry. To predict future of e-marketing of Indian banking industry. The first objective is to compare e-marketing and traditional approach of marketing in terms of Indian economical and demographical conditions. Second objective is to evaluate benefits and limitation of e-marketing of Indian banking industry. In this objective benefits and advantages will be focused on both the side i.e. banks and their customers. In third objective factors affecting effectiveness of e-marketing of Indian banking industry is been determined. In other words, this objective is up to some extend relates to second objective. In these objective reasons of advantage and disadvantages of e-marketing of Indian banking industry has been evaluated. Finally, last objective is to predict future of e-marketing of Indian banking industry. This objective is a sort of conclusion. The nature of this objective is conclusive with future prediction.

Effect of Parental Separation on Adolescence

Effect of Parental Separation on Adolescence Zeenat Jawed PARENTAL SEPARATION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR ADOLESCENCE Family is one of the important social spaces which give you identity; shelter, security, senses of belonging and also nurtures the personality of a person. Parents play an important role to run the family with harmony. They provide basis for the development of personality and, guide their children to face the challenges of the real world. Child learn to adjust in society and make relations with others by observing the role of their parents (Bandura, 1989). Parents influence on child development in three different ways which includes direct interaction with child in activities, emotional identification and, telling stories about family members and relatives (Kagan, 1999). The interpersonal relation of parents also has an impact on child development. According to Moore, Kinghorne and Bandy (2011), the quality of parental relationship is allied with the positive or negative outcome in child’s behavior, social competence, and engagement in school, parent-child communication and parental feeling of aggravation. The reflection of parental relation either lifts up or disrupts the child development. If the conflict persists and parents get divorced so it will impact the development of children. This paper will explore worldwide and Pakistan’s prevalence, causes of divorce, and its impact on child’s development in different stages of life briefly, with more focus on adolescence stage. Furthermore, it will also provide some possible interventions for children to cope up with this emotional trauma without compromising their development. The reason for choosing this topic is that I have witnessed a 14 years old girl during my clinical whose parents got divorced that influenced on her life positively and negatively. She involved in studies more and became resilient but simultaneously, she was depressed, had fear about future life, and didn’t participate in any social activities. Prevalence Divorce is the physical and legal separation of spouse from their relation (Parveen, 2010). The rate of divorce is increasing day by day. Worldwide Divorce Statistics, (n.d.), states that Beralus, United Kingdom and United states are among top twenty countries with the highest divorce rate of 68%, 53% and 49% respectively. According to Avila (2013), â€Å"The United States Bureau of the Census (2005) estimated over 1 million children experience parental divorce each year. According to Strohschein et al. (2009) and Juby et al. (2005) as cited in Ambert Vanier Institute of the Family (2005), about 20% -30% children experience parental divorce at the age of 18 and 15 respectively. According to the statistics retrieved from the court of senior civil judge Lahore and Faisalabad, cited in Parveen (2010), since January to April 2008, 3223 and 1466 cases were registered respectively. About 80 to 85 cases are being registered daily. In addition, a study was conducted in Karachi showed that parental conflict results in negative outcome among their children. The study also suggests that 80.5% to 97.5% of children got affected by parental conflicts (Ali, Assad, Mogren, Krantz, 2011). This frequency shows that it is the most scorching issue in our society and around world that compels me to review this issue through my paper. Causes of divorce There is a temporality in the world that every cause precedes an effect. Similarly, there are certain causes that may leads to dissolution of the marital bond. There is no similar cause for every divorce. Frolick, (2011) as cited in Khurshid, Khatoon, Khurshid, (2012) affirms that, â€Å"every divorce is unique like a snow flake†. There is an increasing rate of divorce in Pakistan, and the few prevalent reasons are; Lack of sacrifice, forced marriages, greed, Joint family system, difference in social status and highly career oriented women (Khurshid, Khatoon, Khurshid, 2012). There are incompatible differences between partners that become necessary for the person to get divorced. Lack of communication, poverty, difference in education level, any kind of abuse (physical, emotional, verbal or sexual), disloyalty, early marriages, mismatch (sexual, intellectual and emotional), sexual dysfunction or disease and drug addiction can also be the contributing factors of divorce (Khurshid, Khatoon, Khurshid, 2012). According to Ali, Assad, Mogren, Krantz, (2011), there is a theoretical model that helps to depict the causes of intimate partner violence (IPV) that in my opinion, can leads to separation. These include psychopathological, sociological, gender, and family systems theories. Sociological theories portrayed that low education, economic vulnerability and stress can leads to conflict. Gender theories states the cultural and social construct of gender, where man have power and superiority, while women have inferior status that makes women dependent and vulnerable for violence. Furthermore, in my opinion, uncertainty and hesitation towards spouse can be a risk factor and it was the main cause of divorce in my patient’s case. Moreover, psychopathological theory suggests that certain psychiatric diseases and disorders maybe a contributing factor. Likewise, family system theories revealed that lack of communication, ineffective problem solving can leads to violence. Therefore it can be assumed that these factors can ultimately lead to divorce. Consequences of divorce Consequences for the couple: Divorce can be both positive and negative. In my opinion, getting away from the stressful relationship could be helpful for a person. Individual can live happy life a head if they are not happy and satisfied with their existing marital life. Literature also suggests that those who ends their relation due to high conflict and violence and grasps an opportunity to change are happier in their later life (Waite Gallagher, n.d.). On the other hand, divorce can be a stressful event too. Initially, the divorced couple feels relaxed but as time passes, they become harsh, fragile and easy to break. They become socially isolated and anxious. Furthermore, men are at risk of substance abuse while women are more prone towards depression, poverty, loneliness and stigmatization (Waite Gallagher, n.d.). Literature suggests that regardless of poverty and depression, women get back from the trauma easily as compared to men (Amato Cheadle, 2005). Consequences for children: Attachment theory: The relation and attachment between parents and children is very important for personality development and intimacy in later life. According to John Bowlby theory of attachment cited in Fraley, (n.d.), there are three types of attachment i.e. secure, avoidant and resistant. In the first type of attachment, the child experiences unconditioned positive regard, loving, warm and responsive attitude of parents. It helps to build intimacy, empathic and supportive behaviors towards their partner and tends resolve their conflicts with constructive strategies. In avoidant attachment, parents shows demanding, disrespectful, critical and harsh attitude towards their children. It leads to jealousy, lack of intimacy and love in adulthood. The resistant attachment is the situation of jump in and out that means that the attitude of parents is unpredictable. This pursued the child to amalgamate completely with others and build their relations quickly but it cannot exist for long. The initial years of life is marked with physical, cognitive, language, social and emotional development and it is also vulnerable for acquiring negative things (McIntosh, 2011). The infancy is a very crucial time in which child develop trust in the world with healthy parenting (Americas Angel, 2011). After divorce, the custody of child is given to one parent due to which, the child lacks attention and care from other parent. For example, if an infant is separated from mother, the primary source of satisfaction in infancy, the child will end up in separation anxiety (Stuart, 2009). In my opinion it will develops mistrust in child for the real world. According to Erickson, preschooler stage is marked with initiative vs. guilt (Americas Angel, 2011). They suffers from depression, confusion, indulge in joyless play, desire for the absent parent, feel guilty and blame themselves for the conflict and divorce of their parents (Kruk, 2013). In my view, if parents don’t give attention to their children due to their marital conflicts and separation, this may develops avoidant attachment which subsequently leads to jealousy and lack of intimacy in later life. Likewise, school-age children build competency and mastery by participating more in academics. They make friends that play an important role in developing self-esteem in child (McLeod, 2008). Following divorce, children doesn’t interact with friends more, they suffer from sleep problems and have low grade academic performance (Ambert Vanier Institute of the Family, 2005). In my opinion, low grade results from lack of parental participation in academics and avoidance of children due to marital conflict. Adolescence (11-20 years) is a stage where drastic change occurs such as pubertal changes, peer relation and physical maturity. Stuart (2009) affirms that it is a period where child is moving towards adulthood, preparing for marriage, career, acquiring sets of values and an ethical system. According to Erickson, in this stage, an adolescent forms his own identity which helps to make intimacy in young adulthood. Consequences of separation are equal for both girls and boys (Department of Justice Canada, 1997). Furthermore, I have detected some sign and symptoms in patient and also supported by a literature, adolescents may feel anger, depression, anxiety and fear, and emotional distress, early or late menarche and blame themselves for separation of their parents. Garvin and colleagues (1991) cited in Avila(2013) affirms that children whose parent got divorce had higher rates of depression, sexual acting out, substance abuse, conduct disorders, school problems, and delinquent behavior a s compared to the children of intact family. Furthermore, according to attachment theory, child may feel avoidant and resistant attachment with parents’ that deteriorates academic performance. In my belief it is because of lack of participation of parents in school due to which child get demotivated and shows poor performance at school. According to Stuart (2009), the children face difficulty in identification of one parent as a victim and develop rejection for other. Literature suggests that parental separation also puts a child at risk for divorce (Amato Cheadle, 2005). They become pessimistic about their future intimate relation (Stuart, 2009). Therefore, I believe that this stage is very crucial and could have dangerous affects of suffering. Furthermore, it is also observed that if the custody of child is given to opposite sex parent, it can also lead to problematic circumstances. For example, in Pakistan’s context, if an adolescent girl is living with her father so she may face many problems at puberty because of lack of guidance from mother. Similar situation goes with boys. They cannot discuss their reproductive health problems with mother flexibly. Children might have problems in identification of their same-sex parents due to lack of interaction with non-custodial parents. On the other hand, the divorce can leave positive effects as well. The patient that I had encountered showed positivity and coped with in an appropriate manner. She became resilient, indulges in studies and showed good academic performance. Middleton, (n.d.) insists that child learn positivity and becomes resilient, adaptable, have self-confidence, shows empathy, and learn more through quality time spent with each parent separately. After adolescence, a person enters in adulthood phase where they make relations and start their own family. If the impact of parental divorce is positive, they are most likely to build good relation with their spouse and children. According to Erickson, they develop intimacy and generativity however, in my opinion, they will get isolated from society and family and experience despair because they haven’t achieved their goal due to parental conflict and separation. Recommendations As health care personnel, we need to support child during this traumatic event. It is important to help child in the grieving period. Friends and family member can play a significant role in it. Furthermore, we can involve child in different group work that help to alleviate the depressive symptoms and provides opportunity to deal with pre and post divorce stress. Besides we can support child in reframing their perception about divorce and help to modify their thoughts into positivity. Avila (2013) states that it can be attain with Psycho-educational and counseling which help child to cope with the reality and impacts of separation. Cognitive behavioral therapy can be given to child in order to change their negative thinking (Avila, 2013). Indulge child in activities to divert their mind from stressful situation to the relaxed situation such as sports. Show empathy towards child to make them realize that they are not alone in this situation. Moreover we can refer child to those who h as coped with parental divorce appropriately. In my opinion, it is also important to teach family to support child during this period. Instruct family and custodial parent to allow child to maintain relation with the absent parent. Allow child to choose with whom they wants to live. Guide them not to discuss about the absent parent in front of child otherwise it will make child more depressed. Parents are required to fulfill the need of child and spend more time with them. In conclusion, the inter-parental relation plays an important role in the development of child. They can influence both positively and negatively. Good parental relation can enhance well-being of a child otherwise it will disrupt the development of child. Divorce is the legal separation of spouses. It has both positive and negative impact on the couple as well on their children. Additionally, child will have psychological, behavioral, social, physical and emotional problem in their development. Every stage is very crucial but adolescences are at greater risk to be affected with parental separation as it provides identity to children which help to develop intimacy in later life. By following above mentioned strategies, children can cope up with this painful event smoothly.

Little Egypt Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

Little Egypt There is a place where not far from my hometown, which, since my childhood, still holds the secrets to life. It was a place where we were free. Free to do whatever we wanted to do, say whatever we wanted to say, it was our place, our river. It was a simple place, no paved or asphalt roads for the commotion of busy traffic, no tall buildings to block out the sunlight, no sense of time to feel rushed or anxious, no effects from the outside world. It was a beach on the coast of Lake Sakakawea called â€Å"Little Egypt.† I grew up on a small farm just east of Williston, ND, which is located on the far western side of the state. This area of North Dakota is well-known for its beautiful badlands and rolling hills of buffalo grass. Most popular, is the great Lake Sakakawea with its luscious landscapes and sandy beaches of plenty. Recreational areas around the lake are unlimited and always welcoming. The lake was named after the Shoshone Indian woman who had aided the expedition of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark of 1805. The purpose of the expedition was to map the unknown area of the Missouri River and find a possible water route for trade and travel to the Pacific Ocean. Soon settlements were constructed within the valleys of the Missouri River. â€Å"Energy sources beginning with hydropower, and later lignite fired generating plants, came into being in the 1940’s and began with the federal government’s construction of Garrison Dam on the ‘Big Bend’ of the Missouri† . The length of the dam expanding over 2 miles had multiple purposes. Farmers downstream were provided with flood protection, the Lake of Sakakawea was formed providing many recreational purposes f... ... a little tired from the events of the day, but we would always leave Little Egypt fulfilled. It never really had to be the sandy beaches at Little Egypt, it was just being together with my two best friends. That was all that mattered. Time stood still when we were together, ten minutes for us three was two hours for the rest of the world. Where did all the time go, I’m not really sure. I am sure that those days at the Little Egypt with Leslie, Becca, and my brothers were some of the best days of my life. Looking at our society and my busy life filled with tests, deadlines, work schedules, and demands for my time coming at me from every direction, I almost with I could go back to that place where time and concerns for the outside world were of little or no consequence. How I love to remember, to relive the memories of my adolescence. My world was perfect then.

Linking Magical Realism and the Sublime in A Very Old Man with Enormous

Linking Magical Realism and the Sublime in A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings      Ã‚  Ã‚   Marquez's "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" links Magical Realism and Sublime literature to one another in such a way that Magical Realism seems to be a genre of the Sublime. This short story was published with a collection of other stories entitled Leaf Storm and Other Stories in 1955. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, a native Columbian, has accomplished a great deal in the field of Magical Realism. This particular short story fulfills the requirements for Magical Realism and, at the same time, the Sublime. This fact leads one to believe that Magical Realism is, in fact, a genre of the Sublime instead of the Fantastic. The characteristics of Magical Realism match those of the Sublime much more extensively than those of Fantastical literature. "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" includes many aspects, which may be described as magical. In the story, an old man with a very poor set of wings is found and kept as a pet for several years. These wings were described by the doctor in the story as "...so natural on that completely human organism that he couldn't understand why other men didn't have them, too" (528). The fact that the old man had wings in the first place seems very acceptable to the characters, and this nonchalance is conveyed to the reader. To take an idea or an object that one is familiar with and distorting that image into something unfamiliar is called defamiliarization (Simkins 150). This use of defamiliarization is a very important characteristic of both Magical Realism as well as the Sublime. An angel is something with which most are somewhat familiar; however, Marquez's angel is a completely different type of angel. One e... ...between Magical Realism and Sublime literature seems very obvious when one examines the criteria for each. Marquez's "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" links Magical Realism and Sublime literature to one another in such a way that Magical Realism seems to be a genre of the Sublime. This short story fulfills the requirements of each. However, the requirements are the very same ideas and principles. Thus Magical Realism should be classified as a type of the Sublime. Works Cited Loginus. On the Sublime. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1995. Sandner, David. The Fantastic Sublime. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1996. 51-55. Simpkins, Scott. "Sources of Magical Realism/ Supplements to Realism in Contemporary Latin American Literature." Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community. Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham, N.C.: Duke UP, 1995: 145-159.   

Research in the Counseling Profession Essay

The importance of research lies in the treatment of the client. When counseling treatments are proven and backed by research, this is more effective that using some form of treatment that is new and not backed by research. One of the most prolific things that stands out to me as a student of counseling is the code by which we should all follow and the one thing that we vow never to do and that is â€Å"do no harm†. If we do not research the plan of action that we are to use with our client and to know that this treatment is the proper treatment for the problem or problems presented than the likelihood of doing more damage than good is probable. We must as counselors deliver and disseminate evidence-based treatments for the advance of our profession (Sheperis, Young & Daniels, 2010). As the world evolves the language and procedure of the counseling profession also does, therefore it is of great importance to stay on top of the newest research out there. Working in the field of law enforcement for twenty years I have been through many CISD’S. We see that the ongoing use of CISD (Critical Incident Stress Debriefing) is just one design that examination and evidence-based preparation have to find whereas they fit into the counseling profession to better help the counselor work with someone that has seen things that are sometimes unimaginable to them. This is where research keeps the counselor in the mix of things by exploring the new evidence based training and procedures that are out there that show promise this will make the counselor more effective within this population. Scholar Practitioner Model The scholar-practitioner model is often used in reference to the â€Å"Vail model after the 1973 Vail Conference on Professional Training in Psychology† (Vail, 1973). In this model it is the student that learns how to comprehend and relate academic conclusions to the training. The students are thereby trained and instructed to be and take part in research to gain better understanding of the subject material that is presented before them in the clinical setting. â€Å"A counselor is a scholar practitioner. This implies that a counselor is a highly trained profession who uses new knowledge generated through research to positively change his or her clients’ life. In light of this statement, it is important to recognize the role of research in counseling profession. Research can be described as the process through which hypotheses are tested and proved or disapproved through data collection and analysis† (Sheperis, Young & Daniels, 2010). What this entails is that it is the process in which through new knowledge passes into the counseling profession. Research gives us an avenue to explore new information in the counseling field and the new information is what makes the counselor more adaptable to the client and their needs. Research in all things can provide a firm foundation in which to back up the practices of the counselor. Conclusion No two clients are the same as no two days are similar. They are ever changing, whereas one treatment might work for one client, whereas another client of theirs presents with like issues, this one treatment may not fit the need or the new client. It is always good to learn as learning is a lifelong process. The more you know the more valuable you are to the client as a counselor.

Marketing and Buying Decision

Principles of marketing Principles of Marketing 2012 Name Robert Barnes assimilator Number 21154021 Institution University of West capital of the United Kingdom Word count 1455 2012 Name Robert Barnes disciple Number 21154021 Institution University of West capital of the United Kingdom Word count 1455 Table of circumscribe 1. 0 ground practise2 2. 0 inquire 1 3 2. 1 Personality 3 2. 2 Motivation6 2. 3 Conflict6 3. 0 capitulum 2 8 Bibliography9 1. 0 origination The case study I suffer chosen to cover is Breezing out for a night on the tiles. It discusses the rise of the bounteousness pre-mixed drinkings industry between 1995-2000, in fussy the Bacardi Breezer station.It looks at the marketing activity which has interpreted place and the brand association the marketers aimed to achieve. In this report I result be exploring the bargaining run involved when buy an alcoholic beverage, the influencing factors when making a coda and the role that marketing plays, in these finales. The rendering of marketing is The management attend which identifies anticipates and supplies node requirements efficiently and profitably. Adrian Palmer 2004 Personality noun (plural personalities)The coon of characteristics or qualities that form an unmarrieds characteristic character Oxford Dictionary 2012 ENTJ Frank, decisive, assume leadership readily. Quickly see illogical and ineffectual procedures and policies, develop and implement comprehensive systems to elaborate organisational tasks. Enjoy long-term planning and close setting. Usually well informed, well read, enjoy expanding their knowledge and passing it on to others. impetuous in presenting their ideas. Introduction to Type, Sixth mutant by Isabel Briggs-Myers 1998 2. 0 Question 1Q. crap an overview of how the buy decision-making swear out might work for purchasing an alcoholic drink in a pub or niner. How would this dissent when purchasing alcohol in a supermarket or off licence? A. Th e scheme To answer this question we first deficiency to look at the theories in marketing associated to the buying wreak, influences and behaviours. plat 2. 0 is the mental synthesis of the buying subroutine based on the Cognitive Paradigm theory (Pickton and Broderick 2001) which focuses on the individuals thought process, during a buying decision.It assumes that the buying decision is approached as a problem solving activity and that the consumer is being quick of scent throughout the process. It is widely used as the default theory by marketers and gross revenue professionals when structuring moves. It does non in time accurately recognise the process that occurs during extreme impulse or irrational purchases, which ar both, almost nonphysical processes. For the purpose of this exercise, we allow for assume that the trusty purchase of alcohol is approached, both rationally and thoughtfully. Diagram 2. 0 The buy Process. tooth root Marketing Communications, by Joh n Egan. 2007) clapperclaw 1 of the process is the Problem intelligence. This is the identification of a subscribe, such as I am hungry, therefore I requisite to eat. It poop however be very complex and the consumer whitethorn require education or making known to begin with recognising a problem exists, such as a dentist tell you, you need a filling, even though you hadnt felt any painfulness in that tooth. Marketers can exploit this shade by feeding information to consumers for acceptables and services, they hadnt realised they needed. Step 2 of the process is the training Search.This is when an individual has identify a need scarcely may need to enquiry to find the sort out solution. For example, if a student identifies a need for a computer, but has a control bud range, he or she might research information to identify the best pickax for the budget they build. This musical note can skipped if the consumer has profuse knowledge, regarding the possible solutions . Step 3 of the process is Evaluation. This is when more than than one filling is available to solve the identified need, and the consumer wants to sustain these before purchasing. An example would be someone test driving multiple cars before purchasing one.Effectively they will all foregather the same need, but the consumer wants to know what the sense is, before making the decision. This step can skipped if the consumer has previous experience or is intellectual with a certain harvest or service beforehand. Step 4 of the process is Decision. This is simply the final distinguish for a solution to the identified need, after(prenominal) weighing up all options. Again, a consumer can move directly to this step from Problem Recognition if enough earlier knowledge exists. Step 5 of the process is Purchase. This is when the decision is executed and the goods or services be acquired.Step 6 of the process is Post-Purchase Evaluation. This is when you access you satisfaction wi th your product or service after you have acquired it. If a great experience is had, it will lead to a higher likelihood that you will purchase that product or service again. Applying the theory Table 2. 0 is an application of the above theory, for an individual sacking through the buying process at both a club and supermarket. acquire Process Step Nightclub or Pub Supermarket Problem Recognition * A want to let loose. * A need for confidence. * A desire to fit in or stand-out. An aspiration to impress. * alcohol for cooking. * Thoughts of a night in. * A desire to warm up and unwind. * Drinks for guests and friends. * Cheap drinks before going out. Information Search * Advertisement around the club. * Bottles rear the bar. * Drink & cocktail menus. * What others are drinking. * Peer and/or social pressure. * The label on the bottle. * Prices and circumscribed offers. * Staff knowledge. Evaluation * Tasting a friends drink. * Design of the bottle. * Recognition of a brand. * translation on label. * Design and quality of bottle. Alcohol percentage. * Brand recognition. Decision * Information svelte and decision made. * Information processed and decision made. Purchase * volume of exchanges in cash. * Majority of exchanges by credit card. Post-Purchase Evaluation * Did that get me drunk? * Did I like the experiment? * Do I want another(prenominal) one? * Did it give me a holdover? * Did I like the taste? * Was it good value? * Will I buy it again? * Did it get me to the desired take of drunkenness? Table 2. 0 The Buying Process of Alcohol in variant Environments.What this application of theory shows, is that there are contrary factors in play when buying alcohol in a club or pub compared to a supermarket, but the process remains the same. These factors are different mostly due to the environs, information availability, the individuals intent and marketing strategies. If sell a drink in a club or pub it is more important for your drin k to be seen as cool socially and price is little of a factor whereas if selling in a supermarket, your drink needs to be competitively priced yet still stage a level of quality. 3. 0 Question 2 Q.Detail the individual and root word influences that are believably to concern someones choice of drink brand? A. The possibility Diagram 3. 0 demonstrates the individual and root word influencing factors when making a buying decision. Diagram 2. 1 Factors affecting buying decisions. (Source Marketing Communications, by John Egan. 2007) Our strongest influences when making a buying decision are our indispensable beliefs and values. These imply Attitude, Perception, Learning, Memory and Motivation. The succeeding(prenominal) in terms of influencing top executive are pristine Groups. Primary groups are made up of close friends, family and people who you respect.You are alter by these groups by the opinions and values they hold. The next group in terms of influencing power is the Secondary Group. This group is made up of people you know but not closely, or people who you may be after to be like. Lastly there are influences depending on your Culture, Race or Religion, that will affect your decision when buying something. on that point are also External factors that include things that are beyond your control, such as Fashion, Law, Time ect. So how do these factors affect someone when buying an alcoholic drink?Well if I was out with my family, I would be unlikely to order shots, as they would not approve, whereas if I was out with close friends, then this would be the opposite. The secondary group has the same effect, but is less justly in its influence. 4. 0 Question 3 Q. Explain the roles of the various marketing activities exposit in this case in influencing consumer behaviour. A. In 2000 Bacardi spent ? 14m on a effort to promote their brand Bacardi Breezer. The reason to do this is to influence people decisions when making a buying decision. Bacardis first monolithic tug was in 1999 when they spent ? 5. 6m.The campaign was headlined with the slogan theres Latin spirit in everyone aimed at the 18-24 family old market. This campaign was created to give the brand an exotic, cool to be seen drinking conjure up and was aimed at the demographic that would most likely be drinking in an environment where these factors we important in their buying decision. This campaign established Bacardi Breezer as one of the major(ip) players in the alco-pop industry. Bibliography * John Martin, 2010. organizational behaviour & Management. 4th Revised edition Edition. randomness Western Educational Publishing. * John Martin, 2004. organizational Behaviour And Management. Edition. Thomson Learning. * Laurie J. Mullins, 2006. Essentials of Management and Organisational Behaviour. Edition. FT Press. * Isabel Briggs Myers, 1998. Introduction to Type A Guide to fellow feeling Your Results on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. 6th Edition. meaning for Applications of. * Adrian Furnham, 2008. Personality and Intelligence at snip Exploring and Explaining Individual Differences at Work. 1 Edition. Routledge. * Stephen P. Robins, 2010. Organizational Behaviour. 1 Edition. Pearson Books. * John Ivancevich, 2010. Organizational manner and Management. 9 Edition. McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Buying the Most Expensive Thing

Recently my family bought a hot home, and while it was as some(prenominal) bills as most homes atomic number 18 ( we are paying $167,100 for a three chamber one bath) it was the most expensive occasion we have ever bought. Buying a new home in both saving give always be an expensive endeavor. In this current economy it is a emptors market just thither are still many things a buyer and seller must insure when buying or selling a home.The strength of the economy for a buyer lotful affect the benefits of the home monomania because it would determine the future market abide by of the home. It will also determine the market price that has to be paid at the time of purchase as headspring as determining the interest step of how much that needs to be repaid. The remotion of the tax deductibles of the payments increases the after-tax cost, and when taxes come due on the house at the end of the twelvemonth there is no added fillips for owning a home.This will lead to the d ecrease in buying of new homes and the drastic fall of prices for sellers. in that location are many other things that can affect whether a person can concede to buy a home, but government spending and taxes are the biggest incentive as to what a family can afford and what benefits they can receive when buying. With an increase to taxes there is less money to spend and deport for buying a new home, and the location of the home will effect how much I need to pay in property taxes.

Social Class and Inequality

Social Class and Inequality Social inequality has been defined as a conflicting status within a society with regards to the individual, property rights, and access to education, medical care, and welfare programs. Much of society’s inequality can be attributed to the class economic status of a particular group, which has usually been largely determined by the group’s ethnicity or race (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The conflict perspective is an attempt to understand the group conflict that occurs by the protection of one’s status at the expense of the other.One group will resort to various means to preserve a ideal social status through socioeconomic prestige, political consolidation of power (political and financial), and control of resources.Unemployment rate is a financial index for virtually any nation.First, there is the predominantly Anglo upper class, in which most of the wealth has been inherited; wired and they comprise of approximately 3-to-5 percent o f the Canadian population (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Next, there is the middle class, which is made up of the greatest number of Canadians, nearly 50 percent with ‘upper-middle’ class subdivisions self generating white-collar incomes of between $50,000 and $100,000 while the rest are earning reasonable livings in less prestigious white- collar jobs or as skilled blue-collar laborers (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The working social class represents about 33 percent of the Canadian population, and their lower incomes leave little in the way of savings (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Finally, there is the lower class, which is represented by about 20 percent of the population (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Class inequalities do not seem to be extending.

For example, in Canada, physicians and lawyers continue to reside at the top of the social ladder while newspaper delivery persons or hospitality staff rank at the bottom (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The growing wide disparity in income is beginning to resemble that of the United States with approximately 43. percent of the Canadian income being concentrated within the top 20 percent of social wide spectrum while those in the bottom 20 percent are receiving a mere 5. 2 percent of that income (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).It, however, may expand further.The wealthy or left upper middle classes can afford specialized care that isn’t typically covered by a provinces general health care plan, thus widening the gap of equality between the social classes. Within the boundary of the Canadian border we can see the separation between ethnicity, and wealth which determines class.Studies show that predominately the British and French Canadians earn the highest different levels of income whereas the Africans, certain Asian groups, Latin Americans, and Aboriginals consistently rank near the bottom (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). In recent years, there old has been an increase in income inequality with the 14 percent of impoverished Canadians in the lower social classes of families headed by new single mothers, female senior citizens, indigenous peoples, and the recent influx of immigrants (Reutter, Veenstra, Stewart, Raphael, Love, Makwarimba, and McMurray, 2006).In case the inequality doesnt exist thermal stratification cannot be established.

According to Hier & Walby (2006), Porter presented the argument that â€Å"an ‘entrance status’ is assigned to less preferred immigrant groups (particularly southern and eastern Europeans†¦ that restricts collective gains in education, income, and membership among Canadas elite† (p. 83). This entrance status was, in Porter’s view, strong enough to create a social barrier not unlike India’s caste central system (Hier ; Walby, 2006).A decade later, Porter drew similar conclusions when he noted that his Canadian census job stratification study revealed, â€Å"Ethnicity how serves as a deterrent to social mobility† (as cited in Driedger, 2001, p.In his opinion, it should start with the state providing a complimentary universal source of top quality goods and services.They would have automatic access to society, while other groups would have to battle for front entrance and to secure status. Therefore, while a few managed to break throug h, most ethnic groups were consistently refused entrance. For this reason, they were forced to take many jobs of low class status and their degree of assimilation into Canadian society would be determined by the charter members (Driedger, 2001).There is a sharp distinction between heavy industry and finance in terms of ownership of financial resources.A final latent role of education is it keeps millions of high school pupils from the manual labor force that is full-time.

In the years following World War II, the French Canadians of Quebec have sought greater independence (Driedger, 2001). Their discontent resulted in the establishment of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in 1963, which emphasized the notion of an â€Å"equal partnership† (Driedger, 2001, p. 21). Even though charter dualism is not articulated in the Canadian constitution, the Quebec provincials believed that their one-third French-speaking status along with the growing number of languages spoken by non-charter members warranted a reclassification to at the very least bilingualism and at the most, an acknowledgement of multiculturalism that would remove existing cultural barriers and provide greater social access.Aboutseventy-five minutes including first time for in-group dis-cussion and time to finish the worksheets are required by it.Owning a home offers â€Å"a sense of belonging† or inclusion for irish immigrant classes that is unlike anythin g else (Gyimah, Walters, ; Phythian, 2005, p. 338).But not surprisingly, Gyimah et al (2005) have discovered, â€Å"Rates of ownership have been found to vary considerably by ethnicity and chinese immigration status† (p. 338).Because theyve been subjected to it and to university graduates might be more likely to follow music.

According to a study Henry, Tator, Mattis, and Rees conducted in 2002, â€Å"In spite of the historical and contemporary evidence of racism as a pervasive and intractable reality in Canada †¦ itizens and financial institutions function in a state of collective denial† (as cited in Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). Throughout the history of Canada, â€Å"institutionalized racism† has been a part of the cultural landscape dating back to the indentured servants and slave labor of the African and Caribbean peoples that first arrived in the seventeenth century, and continued to be oppressed for the next 200 years in the Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Quebec provinces (Hier ; Walby, 2006).The fur trade justified this enslavement logical and the Federal Indian Act revisions of the mid-twentieth century continued to treat certain races in a subordinate manner (Hier ; Walby, 2006).The company school functions promoting dominant ideology like it had been science.Th erefore, not surprisingly, these students were more likely to drop out of school and be denied any hope of receiving a well-paying job.Lower social different classes were also relegated to low-paying jobs because of purportedly lacking â€Å"‘Canadian’ work experience† and a lack of English language comprehension (Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). In a 2001 study by Austin logical and Este, the immigrant males they interviewed reported that because the power and resources are so tightly controlled by the White Canadian majority, their foreign employment experiences were minimized logical and they were blocked from taking the training programs that would have improved their language proficiency (Hier ; Walby, 2006).For instance, an underprivileged youth has less low probability of turning into a scientist, however clever she is, on account of the relative deficiency of opportunity available to her.

The Aboriginal population provides a contemporary case study how that reflects the impact of racism upon social inequality of Canada.The 2001 Canadian census lists a total of 976,310 Aboriginal peoples throughout the territories and provinces (Adelson, 2005). Of those, more than 600,000 are former Native Americans – referred to as First Nations – and live mostly in the provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan (Adelson, 2005). The other Metis group live in the western sections of these provinces and total around 292,000 (Adelson, 2005).Although impoverished men and women are somewhat more likely to have drug related mental health troubles, theyre much less likely to get treatment (Wood 2008).What this means is that those Aboriginal groups that live on government controlled international reserves continue to receive government services while those who decide to venture off of these reserves do not (Adelson, 2005).Those groups are d eprived of the education and more basic skills that would enable them to improve their status. In comparison to non-Aborigines, the Aboriginal groups often fail to complete their public education at every level, which further reduces their opportunities (Adelson, 2005). In a 2002 study of off-reserve Aboriginals, less than half percent of these children complete the twelfth grade (Adelson, 2005).As a consequence, theres a natural tendency for folks to turn into violence when they feel they dont have any alternate.

This â€Å"circle of disadvantage† results in the Aboriginals being mired in poverty and forced to take low- paying migrant jobs that are often seasonal and provide nothing in the way of employment security (Adelson, 2005, p. 5). Solely on the basis of their ethnicity, these peoples are relegated to the social periphery and are deprived of anything remotely resembling power, prestige, or wealth. In terms of their living conditions, many of the Aboriginal peoples are overcrowded, with 53 percent of the Inuit peoples and 17 percent of the non Aboriginals living off-reserve living more than one person per room (Adelson, 2005).In the circumstances it might naive to think about.Despite their high adult mortality, the aboriginal population also has a high birth rate (Adelson, 2005). However, this also means their infant mortality rate is consider also higher than the national average. According to 1999 statistics, infant mortality rates were 8 out of 100 among First Nationsâ⠂¬â„¢ peoples, which is 1. 5 times higher than the overall young Canadian rate of infant mortality (Adelson, 2005).Like cleaning hallways or answering phones certain tasks, dont demand much ability.

Although the Aboriginal groups that stand still live on-reserve are receiving government healthcare services, these services are not necessarily of the quality the rest of the population is getting due to the government’s inability to control First Nation treaty resources and the seemingly endless â€Å"bureaucratic maze† regarding Aboriginal healthcare policy and insufficient funding (Adelson, 2005, p. 45). Within the past three decades, how there has been a notable shift in the Canadian population.While the charter groups still comprised about 50 percent of the population, numerous other non-charter groups were rapidly combining to represent about one-third of the good overall population (Driedger, 2001).Its the capability to move if theres one thing that they believe in above all.The British population decrease has in no way adversely impacted their prestigious position or political influence. English is still the dominant language and European ancestry determi nes esteemed class status. Unfortunately, as angeles long as access to prestige, power, and wealth remain limited to the charter few at the expense of the multicultural many, Canada’s social lower classes will sadly remain unequal. References Adelson, N.Employed as a community to produce standards of behaviour can provide assist.

(2001). Changing visions in ethnic relations. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 26(3), 421-451. Gyimah, S.(2005). Ethnicity, immigration and housing wealth in Toronto. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 14(2), 338-363. Hier, S.Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal, 26(1), 83-104.Macionis, J. J. , ; Gerber, L.Retrieved late May 21, 2008, from http://wps. pearsoned. ca/ca_ph_macionis_sociology_6/73/18923/4844438. cw/index.

Strategic Management Accounting

strategicalalalalalal solicitude be This authorship lead endeavour to apologise what strategical charge history (SMA) is, how it positive, why go acrossed-d birth cargon line of credit relationship (TMA) is non sufficient to tolerate training for strategic closes and the deflexion mingled with SMA and TMA. It pull up s involves still compend most of the solely real(p) uninflected in channelitionls or techniques in SMA much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as application establish be (first linguistic rule) and the equilibrate nonice (BSC). SMA is an super wide of the mark judgment, so in evidence to cast off a wenchs centre becharm of the return this melodic theme primarily ten-spotsion on on examine SMA to TMA and fin altogethery describes the greatness and reprimands of SMA.What is strategic counsel be? A constellation of heed history in which tension is settle d avouchd on teaching which rela tes to factors foreign to the loaded, as fountainhead as non- m one(a)tary in abidanceation and interior(a)ly generated use. (CIMA decreed Terminology) strategic worry invoice transcription is a all important(p)ly important drill because it is outward- vistaing. It boil defeates preciseally on the market, consequently its harsh verbal description as market-driven explanation. The master(prenominal) data it produces is on guests, harvest-homes and contenders.This is softer in radiation pattern than the sternly song associated with pecuniary reporting, exactly it unionises a fraction of the comprehensive scheme answer that is relate to the sideline of rivalrous payoff. (Roslender and H contrivance, 2006) As mentioned above, SMA violence on k right offledge orthogonal to the firm, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as knowledge well-nigh competitors and guests, and non- pecuniary culture such as increase attri preciselye and customer satisfaction, along with emphasising on firms inwrought factors such as breeding regarding bon tons command overheads and watchfulness of sore(a) materials.The captain strategic counseling comptroller engages with the giving medications give anxiety police squad and contri simplyes to dodging training and instruction execution with the target atomic number 18a of creating customer note prize and a arduous combative put for the shaping. The line of reasoning surroundings has undergone signifi bumt transports collectible to sphericisation and tuitions in training and deed technologies (Burgstahler et al. 2007). concern on a global stand for with exponentially rise in engineering science has in straightaway and radically ffected the tralatitious direction musical arrangement. These sudden changes prevail generated the bespeak for eliminateed-d stimulate circumspection account, which is abstracted with number and bill pulses t o call down to the forthcoming(a) level, which is to revolve about on c atomic number 18 for entree and integ dimensionn in spite of appearance a keep gild. strategical charge disdain relationship VS handed-downistic concern invoice The ternary chief(prenominal) limitations of traditionalistic focal point craft relationship (TMA) ar, first, TMA schooling was acquired from the real fiscal history nurture systems.As a exit the sharpen slackly remained on one-year bimestrial targets and midland rule of account systems frankincense impuissance in providing surgical and holistic development that mirrors the technology, crossways, and complexness of the functional processes on the one go across and on the different hand flunk in consolidation these for ope quick-scented in a highly war-ridden environment (Baines and Lang see socket-Smith, 2003). Second, its come sort stresss it little utilizable for a motorcoach who wants instruc tion to be customised accord to the proper(postnominal) managerial chooses.Third, the windowpane change utilize by monetary accountants to start it look ripe to the orthogonal users makes it slight trusty for managerial finality make. tho as TMA was true and introduced as a pattern for the shortcomings of the traditional damage craft relationship textbooks, SMA has, arguably, been launched by the bill scholars as the novel give tongue to of the art matter. It has been claimed that the development of the field of SMA would render the elderly fashioned TMA out(p) as the newer stochastic variable commissiones not but on the innate fiscal discipline, but as well upon the orthogonal aspects of the crinkle profession operations (Smith 2005).Simmonds (1981), who is attribute with word SMA, differentiates it from TMA on the flat coat of its great centralize on on the affinity of the trade with its competitors. Bromwich, (1990) contends that SMA ena bles the vigilance to sustain a birdwatchs eye batch of the competitors mathematical process and pargonntage techniques crinkle and to frivol away decisions accordingly. In this watchfulness a major(ip) certification of SMA is its cellular inclusion of non- monetary aspects for the aspiration of decision making. Lords (1996) identifies the follow up oners functions which ar usually associated with SMA 1.Collecting in unionizeation related to the competitors. 2. employ score for strategic decisions. 3. slip be on the stem of strategic decisions. 4. And, gaining belligerent utility with it. Wilson and Chua (1993) prorogue ten line differences between MA and SMA as following conventional MA strategic MA 1 historical future 2 sensation entity relation back 3 self-examining Out-ward sounding 4 Manufacturing focalization rivalrous focus 5 breathing activities Possibilities 6 responsive proactive Programmed Un-programmed 8 data preference reading orientated 9 found on animate systems unconstrained by existing systems 10 make up on conventions Ignores conventions Critics stimulate on a regular land complained that TMA focuses too much on knowledgeable strain functions of explanation in rank to gather the admitments of the intrinsic managers. near advocates that objet dart finical solicitude is given up to the congenital individualised matters of the melody sight is befogged of the international opportunities and probable logical argument threats.The central trust of this discipline is that it improves upon the traditional worry history by enlarging its range and realigning it much tightly with new(prenominal) disciplines such as dodge and selling. some(a) of the analytical tools which were true in the handle of dodge and marketing, which be now considered an infixed function of SMA toolbox, argon holding cost In this be system the attributes of a product are emphasised, includin g the products features, authoritative corrupt agreements, or after-sale armed services.The development inspected, all the same, has to be germane(predicate) to on-going or future competitors. enemy speak to sagacity pickings advantage of the change magnitude way of quick accessing easy education, the competitors cost ( end product, labour, newfangled materials) are keenly analysed. Bromwich (1990) stresses the need for flockvass competitors be as fellow feeling them inspection and repairs in managing a backups own cost. adversary approximation establish on pecuniary Statements It is some otherwise impelling oncept as it permits coincidence and benchmarking, breeding contained in financial demesnements send packing be strategically utilise with the help of ratio summary. The end add-in (BSC) The BSC was proposed by Kaplan and Norton (1992) in which financial and non-financial measures were incorporate for strategic public deliveration guidance purpose. It aimed to wee-wee a balance by linking tidy sum and dodge of the line of merchandise with multi-dimensional sentiment of customers, knowledgeable business processes, acquisition and growth, and financial perspective. strategical be A nevertheless conceit of relevancy as cost are low down to measure them for strategic relevance, such as twinned the summate competitors go past on areas such as marketing and pricing. Valuing Customers as As nocks It is a concept that illustrates the richness of a customer or incident root word of customers, Guilding and McManus (2002) state that it tail be assessed finished a manner where the present determine of estimated net profit are discounted from the trading coefficient of correlation of crabbed customers.Value stove cost The technique has been developed from tax strand depth psychology proposed by porters beer (1985) for gaining rivalrous advantage. In this analysis all value-creating activities related to the development of a product or service is colligate in the form of a chain. Those activities which are rattling for adding value are given more(prenominal) importance. action establish be (ABC) The ABC is a cost system in which manufacturing overhead cost are assignment to products done a grave cuddle, as conflicting to allocating the cost on the basis of a determine rate.It initially assigns cost to an action that is directly linked to overheads and subsequently assigns the costs to those products that require the production activities. Disadvantages of strategic counselling bill or so argue that attention accountants do not put one across a set of policies and surgerys to follow, as financial accountants follow business relationship procedures and principles defined by IFRS committal or GAAP. strategic accountants form their own regulations and accordingly development cannot be compared from corporation to company as in financial method of account.Ano ther form of criticism is that strategic accountants focus in the main on vicenary development, and quantitative information obtained are real rational. The drawback with focal point in general at rational information is that other applicable and crucial information whitethorn be ignored. For example, they big businessman determine a new moorage should be make at a specific hole because salary and taxes are humiliate however they qualification dedicate failed to look at the large personation by only charge on quantitative information.Since in that respect is no standard procedure or principle to follow, strategic accountants add their own personal beliefs and feelings into making decisions. set-apart of crook is side by side(p) to insufferable but change surface if at that place is one, requires individuals that can focus on the finished subscriber line at hand and take all factors into consideration. costly windup strategic perplexity chronicle involve s major decisions, business choices, and actions of organisation by using both(prenominal) financial and non-financial information with a great focus on the comparing of the business with its competitors.Implementation of SMA tools provides a sustainable rivalrous advantage for the company to build a lasting economical position in spite of appearance the industry. TMA focuses too much on internal business functions and that force in deep in thought(p) of the outer opportunities and potential business threats. contempt the disadvantages mentioned above, it can be cogitate that SMA improves upon the traditional wariness invoice by enlarging its ground with other disciplines such as dodging and marketing. Bibliography 1. Baines, A. And Langfield-Smith, K. 2003), Antecedents to way chronicle change a morphologic comparison come. account statement institutions and Society, 28 (7-8). 2. Burgstahler, D. , Horngren, C. T. , Schatzberg, J. , Stratton, W. O. And Sunde m, G. L. (2007), institution to direction score system, fourteenth ed. , Pearson/scholar Hall, amphetamine turn on River, NJ. 3. Smith, M (2005), deed quantity and commission a strategic approach to perplexity accounting, SAGE, capital of the United Kingdom. 4. Simmonds K, (1981), strategical care account, counsel account, 59(4), 26-29. 5. Bromwich, M. (1990).The fiber for strategic management accounting The usance of accounting information for dodge in war-ridden markets. chronicle, boldness and Society. 15 (1-2), 27-46. 6. Lord, R. (1996). Strategic worry Accounting The emperor moths wise frock? , direction Accounting Research, 7 (3). 7. Wilson, R. M. S. And Chua, W. F. (1993) managerial accounting method and implication/Richard M. S. Wilson, Wai Fong Chua serial edit by Richard M. S Wilson Chapman &Hall, London clean York 8. Kaplan, R and Norton, D (2002). The equilibrize scorecard. the States Harvard job Press. 92-225. 9. Guilding, C. , and McManus, L. , (2002), The Incidence, comprehend merit and antecedents of customer accounting an searching note, Accounting, Organization and Society, 27, 45-59. 10. Ehow. The disadvantages of strategic management accounting http//www. ehow. com/list_6793416_disadvantages-strategic-management-accounting. hypertext markup language 11. robin redbreast Roslender, Susan J. Hart, (2006) Interfunctional cooperation in progressing accounting for leaf blades The baptismal font for brand management accounting, diary of Accounting & organizational Change, Vol. 2 Iss 3, pp. 229 247